HLA antibodies are antibodies that target human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), which are proteins found on the surface of cells that play a crucial role in regulating the immune response. HLA antibodies are of particular interest in the context of organ transplantation, as they can react with HLA antigens on transplanted tissues and organs, leading to rejection. Detection and monitoring of HLA antibodies are important in the field of transplantation to assess the risk of rejection and to guide treatment decisions. Methods for detecting HLA antibodies include solid-phase assays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and flow cytometry-based assays. Research in the area of HLA antibodies aims to better understand the immune response to HLA antigens, develop more sensitive and accurate detection methods, and identify strategies to prevent and treat antibody-mediated rejection in transplant recipients. This research has the potential to improve outcomes for transplant patients and enhance the success of organ transplantation.